Dementia is a progressive cognitive condition that often develops in patients of advanced age. Individuals who are suffering from dementia may experience memory loss, reduced problem solving, poor judgment, and comprehension issues due to deteriorating cognitive function. The most common types of dementia are Alzheimer’s disease, Lewy body, frontotemporal, and vascular. While advanced age is the biggest risk factor for dementia, long-term smoking, head trauma, depression, down syndrome, and genetics may also play a role.

Let’s review the most common early symptoms associated with dementia:

1. Memory loss

Because dementia causes the deterioration of cognitive function, memory loss is the most common early sign of dementia. An individual who is developing this disease is likely to forget about important things, such as friends’ names, phone numbers, and appointments. Some individuals might forget important information but then remember it later. In particular, those struggling with dementia will find it hard to recall recently learned information. Memory loss can disrupt a person’s life, and so memory aids can be helpful. Reminder notes or calls from a family member or friend can help remind individuals about appointments and other information. It’s important to note that memory loss is the main sign of Alzheimer’s disease, but not vascular, Lewy body, and frontotemporal dementia.

2. Problem solving difficulties

In the early stages of dementia, one might experience problem solving difficulties. People often assume this is simply something that comes with aging, but this symptom can progress to the point where an individual can’t execute familiar recipes or keep track of regular activities. Problem solving issues are also associated with the individual not being able to concentrate for long. Inability to complete regular tasks and plan schedules is a normal age-related issue, but can also indicate an issue with an individual’s cognitive function. Over time, the condition progresses to the extent that one might need assistance or supervision to complete a task. If you notice a loved one struggling with problem solving, make an appointment with your doctor. An early diagnosis is helpful in assisting those with dementia.

3. Confusion about time and place

Confusion about time and place is a common sign of different types of dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease. In the early stages of dementia, an individual might lose track of dates and forget familiar places. This can make tasks like grocery shopping, appointments, or visiting friends very challenging. It is also common to forget details like what day of the week it is or what time it is as cognitive function deteriorates. Although medications exist that can reduce the condition, the confusion might continue to worsen with time. If a loved one is experiencing this kind of disorientation, it is advisable to have someone help them get around. A medical evaluation is also advised to get the recommendations of a health professional.